Facts About KGW Crystal Revealed
Facts About KGW Crystal Revealed
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The thermal conductivity of widespread double tungstates is in the purchase to three–4 W/(K m) �?which isn't poor as opposed with other laser crystals (Despite the fact that quite a few instances below for YAG), and rather massive in contrast Together with the thermal conductivity of common Eyeglasses.
The obtain bandwidth e.g. of Yb:KGW and Yb:KYW may be very large in comparison with that of Yb:YAG. This enables for broad wavelength tunability and for Significantly shorter pulse durations from mode-locked lasers. Values very well under one hundred fs happen to be obtained with passive manner locking.
The red-shifted Element of the SC is of useful significance, especially for what considerations the functionality of broadly tunable optical parametric amplifiers pumped by the basic harmonics of Yb lasers. The lack of seed photons in the long-wavelength location of your SC spectrum limitations the amplification effectiveness and leads to pulse-to-pulse Power fluctuations throughout the degeneracy region from the optical parametric amplifier. This part is quantified in Fig. 6a by plotting the SC spectra with regard to spectral Power density, which was believed by measuring the Vitality with the axial Element of SC radiation (and that is the sole virtually helpful part of SC emission). KGW crystal provides the highest spectral Electricity density within the 1200�?450 nm array, as mentioned in a modern study30.
The monoclinic crystal constructions results in a pure birefringence, helping to stay clear of thermally induced polarization rotation and depolarization loss.
Amplified pulses with an Strength higher than 2.5 mJ is often envisioned by applying a greater pump electric power to the regenerative amplifier and making it do the job at the saturation degree. The laser fluence of ~one J/cm2 on the dichroic mirrors is believed for being under the damage threshold of large-excellent dielectric-coated mirrors.
Many methods are actually adopted to resolve this issue. An acousto-optical programmable dispersive filter can be used to modulate the seed’s spectrum to suppress the obtain-narrowing result[
Ultimately, we investigated the long-term performances of SC generation in crystal samples less than best pumping circumstances at better laser repetition prices. In doing so, the crystal samples weren't translated and held inside of a stationary posture with regard for the pump beam in the entire measurement. The examples illustrating sturdy extended-expression performances of SC generation in KGW and YAG crystals at higher laser repetition fees can be found somewhere else. Far more specially, stable performance of KGW crystal at 2 MHz pulse repetition fee underneath extremely comparable pump beam concentrating geometry was noted recently30, Whilst YAG crystal shown secure overall performance for many hrs at two hundred kHz pulse repetition charge Despite having pretty restricted concentrating of your pump beam (NA=0.085)32. The long-phrase effectiveness checks in LSO, LYSO and YSO discovered gradual narrowing of the SC spectra around the long-wavelength side that happened just after a specific publicity time and will be attributed to the optical degradation of such materials. For example, in LSO, the onset of spectral narrowing was observed following (sim 20) minutes at a laser repetition price of 10 kHz, whilst in a laser repetition charge of twenty kHz, steady SC era effectiveness was noticed just for about 2 min.
We system to spice up the pulse Power to over 40 mJ in two-stage multi-go amplifiers, corresponding to a gain factor of twenty. In Every amplifier, we may also undertake two cascaded crystals positioned beneath orthogonal orientation to decrease the thermal load on Each and every crystal and compensate to the obtain-narrowing impact.
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Due to the fact its discovery in 19701,2, the point out of the artwork of supercontinuum (SC) generation in bulk sound-state materials has reached a high volume of maturity owing to large development of ultrafast laser resources and basic understanding of the fundamental Bodily processes3,4. The complexity of Actual physical outcomes underlying SC technology click here is unveiled from the framework of femtosecond filamentation, that's a common phenomenon arising from nonlinear propagation of femtosecond laser pulses in transparent materials5. In additional functional terms, the attainable spectral extent of SC radiation relies on the material Attributes, for instance linear and nonlinear indexes of refraction and Strength bandgap, which along with the laser wavelength define the important energy for self-focusing (that has to become exceeded for a lightweight filament to form) and clamping intensity of a light-weight filament (that is proportional to your purchase of multiphoton absorption), respectively.
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Both equally energies are marked via the dashed traces as well as their values are labeled in the plots. The identical attributes were also observed in KGW and YAG crystals, whose spectral broadening dynamics are proven for any comparison in Fig. 4.